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We gather the latest in OOH, DOOH, and prDOOH, from new formats and campaign ideas to trends, measurements, and industry events. Using cities as a platform, we share perspectives and knowledge that help you create communication that stands out, gets noticed, and truly makes a difference.

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Welcome to our hub for news, insights, and events. Here, we share current observations, analyses, and inspiration from our network in Sweden and around the world. Whether you work in strategy, creativity, or media buying, you’ll find content that offers new perspectives and ideas.

  • Why Attention is More Important Than Mere Impressions

    Insights

    How DOOH Advertising Drives Real Impact: From VAC and Reach to Attention

    Digital Out-of-Home (DOOH) is about more than just impressions and reach. To truly understand the impact of DOOH, we must combine industry standards like VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts) and “Outdoor Impact” with attention—the engagement that drives actual behavior and brand effect. Here, we explain how JCDecaux leverages VAC, reach, and screen density to maximize attention in the world of outdoor advertising.

    Attention is the decisive factor when analyzing the value of DOOH. Impressions and reach indicate how many people could have seen an ad, but without actual attention, the impact remains limited. Industry leaders and major media agencies, such as Dentsu in their multi-year “Attention Economy” study, are increasingly pointing toward attention-based metrics as the next frontier, as they explain real-world impact far better than mere viewability.

    To understand what DOOH contributes to the media mix, it is essential to distinguish between viewability, verified impressions, and the attention that drives results.

    Viewability: Can the message be seen at all?

    Viewability in outdoor advertising refers to whether a message is physically perceivable in its environment. In DOOH, this is defined by a screen’s placement, angle, size, brightness, and whether there are any visual obstructions. Digital screens in bus shelters or other street furniture often have high viewability because pedestrians are in close proximity, moving slowly, or standing still, providing them with the necessary time to absorb the message.

    Conversely, standalone digital billboards along major highways may generate high traffic volumes and many potential contacts, but the actual ability to process the details of the creative is lower due to high speed and the primary focus on driving. In practice, this means two DOOH sites with identical reach can deliver vastly different levels of actual attention.

    Verified Impressions: When the audience is in the zone

    Verified impressions represent the next level of DOOH measurement. This process links playback data from the DOOH network with traffic flows, mobility data, and screen placement. We count only those exposures where the target audience was physically present within a defined observation zone when the creative was displayed.

    While these third-party verified contacts provide a more robust measurement than traditional estimates—giving advertisers greater confidence in campaign delivery—even verified impressions tell us little about the attention the message actually received, and thus the business impact it is likely to generate.

    How JCDecaux Measures Impact: VAC, Reach, and Screen Density

    At JCDecaux, our planning and reporting are primarily based on three foundational metrics: VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts), reach, and the number of screens. Together, these provide a structured framework for understanding potential campaign impact before we move toward more qualitative metrics like attention.

    • VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts): VAC quantifies the number of contacts adjusted for visibility—essentially, how many actual exposures a campaign likely achieved based on human movement patterns and the visibility of the site. VAC is an established industry standard for (D)OOH measurement. In Sweden, JCDecaux and our industry peers use the “Outdoor Impact” framework to ensure consistent planning and comparison. VAC accounts for traffic flow, pedestrian paths, distance, viewing angles, and dwell time, making it a more qualified metric than purely theoretical contacts.

    • Reach: Reach describes the proportion of the target audience reached during a given period. In DOOH planning, we use reach to ensure sufficient breadth—not just high frequency, but broad coverage of the right people. Using Outdoor Impact data, we optimize network selection to maximize reach within defined segments while maintaining high VAC levels.

    • Screen Density: The number of screens is a tactical planning metric that influences both reach and frequency. While more screens can increase VAC and reach, the combination of location, environment, and dwell time is what determines the attention generated per contact. JCDecaux holds a competitive advantage here: our digital screens are situated in premium locations across Sweden’s 25 largest cities—hubs where people frequently move, wait, commute, or shop. This ensures that every display has a higher probability of being seen and remembered.

    Attention: The Key Driver of Effect

    Attention describes the portion of an exposure where the recipient registers the creative and processes the message, with the potential to influence attitude, memory, and behavior. In DOOH, attention is influenced by:

    • Dwell time: How long the audience is in the vicinity of a screen.

    • Competitive clutter: How many other messages are sharing the screen.

    • Contextual relevance: Timing, location, and target audience alignment.

    • Creative clarity: The simplicity and visual impact of the message.

    Longer dwell times at retail-adjacent “select” sites or transit hubs allow for more complex narratives, while high-traffic areas require simplified, high-impact messaging to capture attention. As Dentsu’s “Attention Economy” program demonstrates, attention is more strongly correlated with brand recall and sales response than traditional volume metrics, driving the shift toward attention-based KPIs.

    Why Placement is Critical

    Placement and context are decisive for maximizing attention. Screens in locations where people are naturally waiting, changing transport, or slowing their pace (such as transit hubs, city centers, shopping malls, or parking garages) tend to generate more attention per verified impression than screens in high-speed traffic environments.

    When combined with creative activations—such as integrated physical elements or high-impact digital formats like MetroVision (Europe’s largest digital subway format)—the potential to drive brand preference and purchase intent increases significantly.

    Conclusion for Media Buyers

    For media buyers, this evolution means looking beyond raw impressions. The best format for reach is not always the best format for attention. In practice, this means:

    1. Planning should be based on a combination of reach, verified impressions, and attention potential across different environments.

    2. Optimization should focus on dwell time, spot length, loop sequences, and creative complexity, rather than just CPM.

    3. Evaluation should focus on actual outcomes—searches, website traffic, store visits, and sales—where DOOH is linked to other digital data.

    A well-considered combination of the right format, relevant environments, and adapted spot lengths often results in fewer, but far more valuable, contacts. It is these moments of genuine attention that ultimately drive both short-term response and long-term brand equity within the media mix.

  • Super Bowl-effect

    What is the “Super Bowl effect” in marketing?

    The “Super Bowl effect” refers to what happens when a brand chooses an extremely prestigious, expensive, and high-visibility advertising space—such as a Super Bowl commercial in the U.S.—not just for the reach, but for the signal it sends.

    You are not just buying contacts. You are buying a statement:

    • “We are a large, serious brand.”

    • “We take our market seriously.”

    • “We expect to be around for a long time.”

    Similar to the “peacock effect,” it is about showing off, but the stage here is a specific, iconic platform rather than a consistent presence over time.

    Why do brands invest in Super Bowl advertising?

    Question: Why do brands spend enormous sums on 30 seconds of advertising during the Super Bowl? Answer: To achieve three things simultaneously:

    1. Massive reach at a single moment: The Super Bowl gathers a huge audience all at once. This turns the commercial into a cultural moment rather than a standard spot buy.

    2. Status and legitimacy: Being seen there is a status signal in itself. Brands that advertise during the Super Bowl are perceived as large, stable, and serious.

    3. Amplified earned media: Super Bowl ads are analyzed, shared, reviewed, and discussed on social media, in the press, and on podcasts. A strong ad can have much more impact than the placement itself if it becomes a conversation starter.

    This means the purchase carries a symbolic weight far beyond the raw number of contacts.

    How does the Super Bowl effect relate to the peacock effect?

    Question: Are the Super Bowl effect and the peacock effect the same thing? Answer: They are closely related but not identical.

    • The peacock effect is about being seen big, clearly, and often in people’s daily lives—for example, through OOH in city centers, subways, and on billboards.

    • The Super Bowl effect is about being seen big, clearly, and at the “right” iconic moment—such as a Super Bowl spot, a massive halftime exposure, or another major media event.

    Common denominators:

    • A strong status signal.

    • An “everyone sees us” feeling.

    • The brand is perceived as bigger than it was before.

    The main difference:

    • Peacock effect: Builds the brand through continuity, presence, and proximity in everyday life (what you do with OOH/DOOH).

    • Super Bowl effect: Builds the brand through a concentrated, symbolic “power move” at a single, charged moment.

    In practice, they work best together: the iconic moment (Super Bowl effect) achieves full force only when the brand is also felt and seen in people’s daily lives (peacock effect via OOH).

    Is there a “Super Bowl effect” in Sweden?

    Question: We don’t have a Super Bowl; can the effect be translated to our market? Answer: Yes. The Super Bowl effect is essentially a principle: being seen in a context that signals size and importance. In Sweden, equivalents might include:

    • Nationally televised live events.

    • Sponsorships and visibility during major sports or cultural events.

    • Specially charged times of the year—such as Christmas, post-holiday sales, back-to-school season, or election campaigns.

    When many people are watching simultaneously, talking about the same thing, and the media is focused on one moment, advertising in that context carries a logic similar to the Super Bowl spots in the U.S. However, it becomes even stronger when that “statement moment” is supported by a clear presence in people’s everyday lives—and this is where out-of-home (OOH) advertising comes in.

    How to create a “Super Bowl effect” with OOH/DOOH

    Question: How can you achieve an effect similar to Super Bowl advertising using OOH/DOOH? Answer: By combining two things:

    1. Iconic, prestigious sites.

    2. High visual and creative impact.

    Examples with JCDecaux:

    • Large billboards in premium city-center locations.

    • MetroVision: Europe’s largest digital format in the subway.

    • Domination of an entire station or a major transit hub.

    • Networks that link ground-level sites (bus shelters, city screens, billboards) with digital screens underground (the subway).

    When you “go big” in these environments at a crucial time (launch, rebranding, campaign kickoff), you create a local variant of the Super Bowl effect: a clear, visually and socially noticeable moment where the brand steps into the spotlight.

    How does MetroVision enhance the Super Bowl effect?

    Question: Why is MetroVision particularly interesting in this logic? Answer: Because MetroVision is effectively a “Super Bowl format” in the subway:

    • It is the largest digital format in that environment.

    • It offers extreme visual dominance—seen from both a distance and up close.

    • It is a natural hub in the traveler’s journey through the station.

    By pairing MetroVision with other digital screens underground, using the same creative, and utilizing “share of time” so you appear on all relevant screens simultaneously, you create a concentrated, powerful moment that feels like, “Wow, they are taking over the whole station,” while reinforcing the peacock effect.

    What is the difference between “just being there” and creating a Super Bowl effect?

    Question: Is it enough to be seen in a prestigious context, or does it require more? Answer: The context is important, but it is the combination of context, creative, and scale that creates the effect.

    • “Just being there”: Single sites, low frequency, cautious creative expression.

    • Creating a Super Bowl effect: Large formats (billboards, MetroVision), coordination of many sites simultaneously, creative that dares to take up space and feels like an event itself, with a clear link to something important (a product launch, rebranding, or brand-defining campaign).

    How to connect the Super Bowl effect to the rest of your marketing

    Question: What does a smart combination look like between a “Super Bowl moment” and the rest of the media plan? Answer:

    1. Anchor it in the peacock effect: Ensure the brand is already present in people’s daily lives through continuous OOH/DOOH presence. This makes the big moment a natural climax rather than an isolated one-off.

    2. Build up, execute, follow up:

      • Before: Teasers and presence on selected billboards, bus shelters, and digital screens.

      • During: A powerful “statement” (MetroVision + Innovate solutions) during launch days.

      • After: Extend the life digitally by reusing material in social media, on the website, and in PR.

    3. Measure both short-term impact and long-term status: Direct metrics like increased searches and web traffic, and indirect metrics like brand perception, association with “big solutions,” preference, and top-of-mind.

    Summary: When does it pay off to invest in the Super Bowl effect?

    The Super Bowl effect is the right path when you:

    • Want to make a clear statement in the market.

    • Have a launch or campaign that defines the brand.

    • Want to combine brand building with major PR and buzz value.

    • Already have, or are planning, a broader presence in people’s daily lives via OOH (the peacock effect).

    The peacock effect ensures you are seen big and consistently. The Super Bowl effect ensures that certain moments become iconic. Together, they help you both build the brand long-term and create moments that people actually remember.

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  • Integrating (D)OOH into the Media Mix: Synergies with TV, Radio, Social and Search

    A well‑designed media mix is less about individual channels and more about how they reinforce one another. Out‑of‑home ((D)OOH) acts as a physical, always‑on presence that connects the rest of your investments. OOH builds recognition in everyday environments, while TV, radio, social media and search capture and deepen interest.

    Evidence from both academic research and industry studies shows that the greatest impact often occurs when channels are combined, rather than optimised in isolation. MMM studies and industry bodies such as IPA and WFA emphasize that overall effectiveness typically comes from how channels are combined (reach + frequency + distinct roles), rather than from any single channel on its own. In the report “Making effectiveness work”, IPA describes how MMM, experimentation and attribution should be used together, stressing the importance of understanding the whole picture: how different channels and activities jointly drive impact, not just each one individually. Major MMM players such as Ipsos explicitly highlight “cross‑channel synergies” as a key issue: they measure not only ROI per channel, but also halo and synergy effects between channels when optimising the mix.

    In combination with TV, (D)OOH builds reach over time. TV can create sharp peaks, while an OOH network across shelters, bus stops, street furniture and standalone sites maintains visibility between heavier burst periods. Burst periods are the shorter, intensive campaign phases when you apply high media pressure over a limited time – for example, a couple of weeks of heavy TV and digital advertising around a launch or promotion. Between these bursts, brands often reduce pressure (“always‑on light”) or are almost silent in certain channels. With (D)OOH, your brand continues to be visible in the same urban environments where the audience moves, regardless of whether TV pressure is currently high or low.

    Radio works in tandem with (D)OOH by adding sound on top of an already established visual picture. As listeners move through the city and see the same message on outdoor sites, the link between audio and visual is strengthened. Campaigns can be planned so that radio pressure peaks in time windows where traffic flows and (D)OOH placements deliver maximum exposure.

    Social media and search capture the demand that (D)OOH helps trigger. When people recognise a message from the street, the threshold is lower to click on an ad or type a brand name into a search bar. Programmatic buying of digital out‑of‑home (prDOOH) can reinforce this by controlling digital screens in those OOH environments where you know the target audience is present shortly before typical search or purchase moments.

    Creative (D)OOH executions – so‑called special builds, productised in Sweden by JCDecaux as “Innovate” – can function as the hub of the media mix. A 3D outdoor installation or a local takeover campaign creates tangible content that can be amplified in TV coverage, social content and PR. Standardised formats such as Eurosize Major Cities or Digisize National around these executions ensure that a broad audience actually experiences the idea in everyday life, not just in feeds.

    To identify the best formats for reach and impact, the media mix should be planned from the location outward. Start with where the target audience moves, which environments are strategic, and how (D)OOH can establish a clear baseline presence. TV, radio, social and search are then layered on top of this structure, with clearly defined roles for each channel. In this way, out‑of‑home is used to hold the whole system together, rather than as a standalone add‑on.

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  • Brand Marketing Association Sweden and Sveriges Marknadsförbund: Why Their Work Is Relevant for Advertisers

    Out‑of‑home advertising is now an established component of many marketing budgets, but effectiveness is determined by more than just which sites you buy. Equally important are the frameworks, standards and sources of insight you rely on. This is where Brand Marketing Association Sweden (formerly Sveriges Annonsörer) and Sveriges Marknadsförbund become highly relevant, even for those working specifically with OOH and DOOH.

    Brand Marketing Sweden (formerly Sveriges Annonsörer) drives issues related to transparency, measurability and contract terms across the media market. This influences how out‑of‑home is priced, how reach is reported and how comparisons with other channels are made. When industry bodies negotiate common recommendations on, for example, measurement standards, data management or sustainability, it has a direct impact on how OOH investments can be justified internally.

    Sveriges Marknadsförbund takes a broader perspective on marketing and brand building. For an advertiser using out‑of‑home, this means access to analysis, case studies and research that position OOH within a wider media mix. Topics such as how OOH interacts with social media, how prDOOH can be connected to digital purchase journeys, or when creative OOH solutions deliver the strongest impact are often discussed in a larger strategic context.

    Both organisations also create networks where advertisers can compare experiences. This may include how to procure OOH networks in a structured way, how to follow up on placements in different environments, or how to work with select sites around stores in a way that is measurable and evaluable. A more shared view on best practice benefits everyone who uses OOH.

    For those looking to develop their use of out‑of‑home, membership and active engagement offer the opportunity to influence how the industry evolves. Standards for measurement, views on contact quality and discussions about the best formats for reach are not defined by individual suppliers, but through dialogue between advertisers, media owners and industry organisations. In that process, Brand Marketing Association Sweden and Sveriges Marknadsförbund are key platforms.

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  • Creative breakfast with Sveriges Annonsörer

    Insights

    This morning, in collaboration with Sveriges Annonsörer, we hosted a breakfast seminar filled with inspiration and key takeaways from the winners of the 2025 100-wattaren awards.

    MAX Burgers & NoA – “Always, Always, Always!”

    The 100-watt winner in the Consumer category presented their campaign, which focuses on celebrating a unique taste experience and cultivating a lifelong brand love for the burger.

    Telia & NoA – “Secure Networks for Secure Business – That’s Telia”

    The 50-watt winner in the Business category shared the strategy behind their campaign, aimed at making advanced cybersecurity accessible to the entire B2B market.

    “To visualize security in a way that truly cut through the noise, we chose a distinct symbol—the woodpecker—and added a touch of humor. The results far exceeded our expectations!” — Beata Enmark, Head of Marketing & GTM | B2B Marketing at Telia.

    A big thank you to Linus Blom, Petter Nylind, Joakim Estemar, Beata Enmark, and Jerker Winther for their fantastic presentations and for sharing their expertise.

  • VA, VAC, and VAI – how visibility is adjusted in OOH measurement

    How visibility is adjusted in out-of-home measurement

    Today, out-of-home (OOH) and digital out-of-home (DOOH) advertising are planned with far greater precision than simply counting the number of sites and traffic flows. To ensure campaigns can be compared fairly, standardized visibility metrics are used. Concepts such as VA (Visibility Adjustment), VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts), and VAI (Visibility Adjustment Index) help both buyers and sellers transition from asking “how many people pass by?” to “how many actually had a realistic opportunity to see and absorb the message?”—in line with global guidelines for OOH measurement.

    VA: The adjustment that moves us beyond raw traffic figures

    VA is based on gross traffic flows: how many people pass a site by car, on foot, or via public transport. These figures are then adjusted based on the actual conditions required to perceive the site, such as:

    • Distance

    • Angle to the traffic flow

    • Speed (car, pedestrian, bicycle, etc.)

    • Height and size

    • Potential obstructions and competing visual impressions

    Once the visibility adjustment is applied, we obtain a more realistic basis for the next step: VAC.

    VAC – Visibility Adjusted Contacts (“Those who actually saw it”)

    VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts) is the metric used as the “currency” in modern OOH measurement systems, both by JCDecaux and in international guidelines from ESOMAR and the WFA. The concept is straightforward: instead of counting everyone who could have seen a site (OTC – Opportunity To Contact), we only count contacts where the ad was truly perceivable.

    To calculate VAC, we combine:

    • Visibility-adjusted flows (VA)

    • Exposure time and the duration people spend in the environment

    • Movement patterns (how people navigate between different sites in a network)

    At JCDecaux, we describe this as the core of high-quality (D)OOH measurement: the best systems deliver “viewed impressions”—meaning data on how many people actually saw the ad (VAC), rather than just how many walked or drove past. Outdoor Impact 2.0 uses VAC as the foundational metric for calculating reach, frequency, and total contacts.

    VAI – How high is the quality of the contact?

    VAI (Visibility Adjustment Index) goes a step further by describing the quality of the contact—essentially, how favorable the conditions are for the message to be read and understood. In systems like Geopath in the U.S., VAI is calculated based on factors such as:

    • Surface size

    • Road type and roadside positioning

    • Distance from the road

    • Lighting and surrounding environment

    VAI is used to compare visibility quality between different sites, not just traffic volume. This means, for example, that a site with lower traffic volume but a better angle, superior legibility, and longer dwell time can have a higher value than an extremely high-traffic location with poorer visibility.

    In DOOH, factors such as spot duration and loop frequency also play a major role in the strength of the actual contact. A short spot that appears infrequently generates a weaker contact than a spot that appears more often and during times when the target audience is truly present, even if the passing volume is the same.

    Source: JCDecaux, “OOH Audience Measurement 101 – Who, What, Where, Why?”

    Why this matters for OOH planning

    Together, VA, VAC, and VAI make it possible to steer OOH and DOOH investments toward locations where the campaign is not just visible on a map, but also:

    • Actually seen within the available timeframe

    • Readable and understandable

    • Possesses a reasonable chance of influencing behavior or attitude

    This is at the heart of current global recommendations for responsible and comparable out-of-home measurement: moving away from raw traffic numbers and instead optimizing toward visible, qualitative contacts (VAC) to get as close to “real views” as possible.

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  • RTB, Open Auction, and Private Deals – Procurement Logic in DOOH

    DOOH builds upon classic outdoor advertising but integrates digital distribution, data-driven management, and new ways of purchasing media. In programmatic DOOH (prDOOH), concepts such as RTB, open auctions, and private deals are essential, as is DCO (Dynamic Creative Optimization) when it comes to the content itself. To fully leverage DOOH, one must understand how these components interact.

    RTB: The engine of programmatic buying

    RTB (Real-Time Bidding) is the process where advertising space is sold via automated auctions rather than fixed price lists.

    In traditional digital advertising, this means every single impression served to a unique user can be auctioned off. In DOOH, it functions slightly differently:

    • You bid on time slots and screens (e.g., a specific screen between 7:00 AM and 9:00 AM).

    • The price can be adjusted dynamically based on demand, time of day, and environment (commuter paths, city centers, retail areas, etc.).

    It is RTB, but in a physical environment where “impressions” are tied to location and time, rather than individual cookies or IDs.

    Open Auction: The open trading floor

    An open auction is the most transparent form of RTB:

    • Multiple buyers can place bids on the same DOOH inventory simultaneously (e.g., bus shelters, street furniture, or city information panels).

    Advantages:

    • High flexibility: You can scale up or down rapidly.

    • Opportunity to “capture” premium inventory when it becomes available.

    Disadvantages:

    • Less control over the exact inventory received when competition is high.

    • More difficult to guarantee specific premium placements during peak time slots.

    Open auctions are ideal when the objective is reach and flexibility, rather than total control over every individual screen.

    Private Deals: More control, still programmatic

    Private deals are a middle ground between open auctions and traditional direct bookings:

    • Media owners and advertisers (or agencies) agree on terms in advance—floor prices, conditions, and often which networks or screen types are included.

    • The purchase remains programmatic but occurs within the framework of this “private” agreement.

    Benefits:

    • Better transparency regarding pricing and guaranteed access to specific screens.

    • Ability to secure attractive inventory while maintaining optimization logic based on target audiences, traffic flows, location, and time.

    Private deals are suitable when you want to combine quality and control with programmatic efficiencies.

    DCO: Creative content linked to data

    DCO (Dynamic Creative Optimization) is about automatically adapting the message based on data—not just in banners, but in DOOH as well:

    • The system selects the version of the message to be displayed on a specific screen based on factors such as time of day, day of the week, location, weather, traffic, or other real-time data.

    Example: A brand displays a more “inspirational” message in the city center during the day, but a “purchase-oriented” message near retail areas during afternoons and weekends. Without DCO, someone must manually switch the creative. With DCO, the campaign continuously directs the right message to the right place at the right time.

    The Big Picture: prDOOH as a dynamic part of the mix

    The combination of prDOOH (programmatic logic), RTB, open auctions, private deals, and DCO allows DOOH to be planned more like digital channels, but with the core strengths of OOH (reach, physical presence, VAC).

    In practice, this means:

    • Static, “locked” bookings are partially replaced by continuous optimization.

    • The system can drive performance toward the screens and time slots that best contribute to campaign goals within defined parameters.

    • Messaging can be adapted for different contexts without the need for manual production and site-by-site material replacement.

    For specific initiatives like takeover campaigns, iconic sites, or custom (D)OOH activations, traditional bookings will always remain the right path. However, for many brands, programmatic logic is a way to get more impact per invested currency in digital out-of-home advertising.

    Large networks and media owners describe the same development:

    • JCDecaux: Programmatic at JCDecaux. An overview of how programmatic buying, RTB, and deal types are used to build reach and precision.

    • Dentsu: Private Marketplace as an alternative to open RTB. Dentsu details how Private Marketplaces (PMPs) and programmatic deals provide more control than purely open auctions—a concept directly applicable to DOOH logic: dentsu-ho.com.

    These sources confirm that major networks are moving in the same direction: programmatic, RTB, and deal-based setups are no longer a niche—they are the standard. DOOH is aligning with the modern approach to data, control, and effectiveness.

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  • Priming in OOH and DOOH: When advertising prepares the brain

    Priming is a psychological effect where prior exposure to a message influences how we later interpret information and make decisions – often without being consciously aware of it. In practice, this means that when people have seen a brand in their everyday environment via OOH or DOOH, they become more likely to recognise, choose and act on the same brand later in other channels.

    What priming means in an OOH/DOOH context

    In OOH/DOOH, priming is about building “mental availability”: the brand is already present in the background when the next contact occurs. If someone, over the course of a week, sees the same campaign on several JCDecaux sites – at the bus stop, down in the metro, along roads and near stores – a base layer of recognition is created. The person may not act directly on the out‑of‑home ad, but when they later:

    • see a banner in social media
    • encounter a search result
    • stand at the shelf in store

    the brand already feels familiar and safe. That is priming in practice.

    In the data, this often shows up as:

    • higher click‑through rate (CTR) in digital campaigns during periods with strong OOH/DOOH presence
    • better conversion rate (CVR) in e‑commerce or in‑store
    • higher brand preference and awareness in brand‑lift studies

    even though the OOH contact itself contains no direct “click”.

    JCDecaux studies that show the priming effect

    JCDecaux has, in several international studies, demonstrated how OOH and DOOH amplify the impact of other channels precisely through priming:

    • In the research programme “The Moments of Truth”, JCDecaux showed that the brain’s response is 18 percent higher when people see contextually relevant messages in digital OOH, which in turn produced a 17 percent uplift in spontaneous ad recall. This means that well‑crafted DOOH advertising not only gets seen – it sticks better in memory and makes it easier for other channels to build on that effect.
    • In the analysis “P² + C = 6” with Justin Gibbons, YouTube viewing was 34 percent higher when campaigns had first been primed by public media, with OOH as a central component. The OOH exposure meant that people were later significantly more inclined to choose to watch the brand’s video content.
    • Other JCDecaux studies on mental availability show that OOH creatives with strong brand codes (colour, shape, logo, visual style) on average deliver a double‑digit percentage uplift in “category mental availability” compared with more weakly coded ads. This is yet another indication that consistent OOH presence makes the brand easier to remember and choose when the purchase moment arises.

    What priming means for how you use OOH/DOOH

    For media planning and strategy, the priming effect implies that OOH/DOOH:

    • acts as a first contact that makes subsequent contacts in digital channels and in‑store more effective
    • can enhance ROI in other channels by lowering the threshold for clicks, views and purchases
    • is particularly valuable ahead of campaigns in performance channels (search, social, video), where a warmed‑up audience typically delivers better numbers on the same media budget

    When you plan campaigns using JCDecaux’s sites, you can therefore think in two steps:

    1. Use OOH/DOOH to build recognition, strong brand codes and presence where the target audience moves.
    2. Let digital channels, e‑commerce, stores and CRM capture the primed audience and handle the final part of the journey – the click, the visit or the purchase.

    In this way, OOH/DOOH becomes not just “one more channel”, but a priming foundation that makes the entire marketing mix more effective.

    Read more about JCDecaux Group’s research, measurement and effectiveness studies here.

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  • Pass-bys, traffic flows, and actual reach – what is the difference?

    When planning out-of-home advertising, actual reach is the central question: how many unique individuals truly see the campaign, rather than how many could potentially do so? To understand this, one must distinguish between pass-bys, traffic flows, and reach, and link these to VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts).

    Pass-bys and traffic flows: Volume, not effect

    • Pass-bys describe how many times people or vehicles move past a point during a given period. It is a volume metric, not a pure advertising metric. A single person can account for multiple pass-bys, such as on a daily commute.

    • Traffic flows are a more structured way to describe these movements, mapping pedestrian, cyclist, car, and public transport flows to specific advertising sites and formats.

    Together, these provide a picture of potential exposure—how often a site can be seen—but they do not indicate how many unique people are reached, nor how many actually perceive the message.

    From potential to actual reach: Why VAC matters

    Actual reach only occurs when traffic flows are adjusted for how well the site can actually be seen. International guidelines, such as ESOMAR’s global standards and JCDecaux’s “OOH Audience Measurement 101,” distinguish between:

    • OTC (Opportunity To Contact): How many people pass by and could potentially see the ad.

    • VAC (Visibility Adjusted Contacts): How many people have a high probability of having actually seen the ad.

    To calculate VAC, factors such as the following are taken into account:

    • Placement and height.

    • Angle relative to the flow.

    • Distance and speed (walking, driving, train, etc.).

    • Obstructions and competing impressions.

    • Dwell time in the environment.

    Outdoor Impact 2.0 is an independent, industry-standard system for OOH measurement, developed by JCDecaux in collaboration with industry peers. The system uses VAC as its foundational metric. It calculates reach, frequency, and contacts by adjusting the contact volume based on how well each individual site can be seen according to defined visibility criteria. This means that two sites with an identical number of pass-bys may contribute very differently to actual reach; a screen or display in a slow-moving pedestrian walkway may yield more “real contacts” than a site along a fast-moving highway.

    Networks, frequency, and unique individuals

    In a network consisting of many sites, models are used to simulate how people move between different locations:

    • How often the same individual passes multiple sites.

    • How contacts are calculated without double-counting the same person.

    Outdoor Impact 2.0 uses these models to derive reach (unique individuals), frequency (average number of contacts per individual), and the total number of VAC contacts for a campaign. This transforms raw volume figures into a realistic measure of how many people actually saw the campaign and how often.

    DOOH: Combining movement with controllable digital exposure

    In DOOH, additional dimensions are introduced:

    • Share of loop and duration: Reach and contacts in a digital network are a function of both how many pass the screen (traffic flows) and how often your specific campaign appears in the loop (share of time, number of spot impressions).

    • Time and location control: By steering playback toward specific times, days of the week, or segments (e.g., rush hour), you can increase the proportion of relevant contacts within a target audience rather than just maximizing total pass-bys.

    The same logic applies to creative Innovate solutions. While they may have fewer total pass-bys, they contribute strongly to actual reach within a defined target audience thanks to high visibility, longer dwell time, and high memorability.

    Why optimize toward VAC instead of just pass-bys?

    International industry actors like ESOMAR and the Media Rating Council highlight the VAC mindset as essential for comparing (D)OOH with other media. It is about actual, visible contacts, not just potential ones. At JCDecaux, we summarize this by noting that the best (D)OOH measurement models “deliver figures on how many people actually saw your ad (VAC), not just how many could have seen it (OTC).”

    Outdoor Impact 2.0 is developed on this same principle. By using VAC as our foundation, we can:

    • Provide more accurate reach and frequency data.

    • Optimize campaigns based on visible contacts rather than traffic volume.

    • Make (D)OOH planning comparable to other media and channels that rely on viewability and real impressions.

    Conclusion: Pass-bys are the starting point, but VAC is the destination. While traffic flows are important inputs that show where people move, Outdoor Impact and VAC translate those movements into actual, visible contacts and reach. In both OOH and DOOH, it is wise to treat pass-bys as baseline data, but to steer planning, optimization, and evaluation toward VAC-based reach and frequency in line with international measurement standards.

    Read more about VAC in our article: [VAC and visibility – how do they connect?]

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  • Peacock Effect

    What is the “peacock effect” in marketing?

    The “peacock effect” is about “strutting your stuff”: being seen on a grand scale, daring to stand out, and signaling strength, quality, and confidence through how and where you appear.

    In marketing and out-of-home (OOH/DOOH) advertising, this generally means:

    • Large formats.

    • High presence in the cityscape.

    • Visually bold creative expressions.

    • Controlled frequency and reach.

    It is not just about being “flashy”—it is a signal to both consumers and competitors that your brand is relevant, successful, and here for the long haul.

    Why does the peacock effect work so well in (D)OOH?

    OOH is the stage where brands can “strut” in the middle of people’s daily lives—the physical environment where purchasing decisions are often formed.

    Three reasons why the peacock effect fits (D)OOH perfectly:

    1. Large, physical formats: Size signals strength. A massive billboard, a dominant MetroVision screen in the subway, or a takeover of multiple digital screens is intuitively perceived as “big brand” behavior.

    2. Controlled context: You choose exactly where your brand appears: premium locations, affluent neighborhoods, commute paths, and city centers. The location becomes part of the message, reinforcing the brand image you want to create.

    3. High visibility, low irritation: Unlike interrupted video ads or pop-up banners, OOH/DOOH is a natural part of the urban space. This makes the “peacock” feel inspiring rather than intrusive, especially when the creative is clear and well-executed. This allows you to build a cohesive journey where the same campaign meets people at the bus stop, on their way through the city, and deep inside the subway station.

    What does the peacock effect look like in real JCDecaux campaigns?

    • Large-scale surfaces: Formats like Supersize Digital (approx. 60 m²) act as clear “peacock surfaces.” Their size, location, and high screen quality ensure the brand is immediately perceived as strong and invested.

    • MetroVision: Europe’s largest digital screen in a subway environment feels more like a monumental installation than a traditional ad. When a brand takes full control of MetroVision during a launch week, it creates a powerful peacock effect: high presence, high recognition, and a natural conversation starter in social media and everyday talk.

    • Premium networks: Visibility in Sweden’s 25 largest cities creates a psychological effect of being market-leading and stable. When a brand is seen consistently in coveted city-center locations, hubs, and walkways, the campaign isn’t just seen—it is felt.

    Station Dominations: Taking over an entire environment

    When a brand takes over an entire section of a subway station—using billboards, floor vinyls, digital screens, and pillars with consistent color-coding and minimal, strong messaging—the effect is immediate brand recall. Travelers often feel like “the whole station belongs to the brand.” People frequently photograph these environments and share them on social media, further extending reach and building status.

    How to achieve the peacock effect with a product launch

    For a launch where the goal is the peacock effect, we recommend a setup combining high intensity, iconic formats, and a coordinated network of analog and digital surfaces:

    1. High-frequency visibility: Concentrate the launch into a clear window (1–2 weeks) with high pressure across multiple environments simultaneously to create the feeling that the brand is “everywhere.”

    2. Iconic “hero” formats: Use MetroVision or Supersize Digital to set the stage. These large screens grab attention from a distance.

    3. Coordinated digital networks: Ensure the same creative follows the audience through their journey (street → station → platform).

    4. Analog premium surfaces: Static surfaces with matte lamination provide a physical, timeless presence that reinforces the premium impression.

    What does the peacock effect signal about your brand?

    When you “play peacock” in OOH/DOOH, you send several psychological signals:

    • “We can afford to be here”: Size and location imply economic stability, which recipients often interpret as a stable, popular, and low-risk brand choice.

    • “We are part of your daily life”: Repeated exposure builds familiarity. Familiarity builds trust, simplifies decision-making, and increases the likelihood of being chosen at the point of purchase.

    • “We are relevant right now”: Short, intense bursts of presence around launches or seasons signal that the brand is active, up-to-date, and part of the “now.”

    How to maximize the peacock effect creatively

    • Few words, big surface: One headline, one visual idea, one sender.

    • One “hero” per surface: Focus on one product, one person, or one scene to ensure the message is understood in seconds.

    • Contrast and color: Use bold colors that stand out against the surroundings.

    • Adapt for DOOH: Use short, calm animations (2–6 seconds) that remain legible even when still.

    When does it pay off to “play peacock”?

    The peacock effect is especially valuable when you:

    • Want to build or reinforce a strong market position.

    • Are launching something important and want to ensure it is noticed.

    • Want to be perceived as large, safe, and relevant in your category.

    • Want to increase the ROI of your digital investments by first winning attention in the physical world.

    Summary: The peacock effect is about being seen in the smartest, largest, and most consistent way possible where it actually counts—in the everyday lives of people, where brands are built over time.

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  • JCDecaux has taken over all bus shelters in Stockholm’s A-region

    Insights

    We are now taking the next step in the development of out-of-home advertising in Stockholm. JCDecaux has officially taken over all bus shelters in Stockholm’s A-region, comprising a total of 2,500 analogue panels and 300 digital screens. The analogue panels are already displaying current campaigns.

    In parallel, we are carrying out a major upgrade of the screens. On Monday, we began replacing all existing 75″ screens with new, larger 86″ screens offering razor-sharp image quality. This is a key investment to enhance both the visual experience and the impact of campaigns.

    What does this mean for you as an advertiser?

    With this rollout and upgrade, you benefit from:

    • Higher visibility

    The large number of sites and their central locations in Stockholm’s A-region ensure your messages are exposed to a high volume of travellers, commuters and passers-by, around the clock.

    • Improved legibility and clearer messages

    The larger 86″ screens, combined with enhanced image quality, make it easier to absorb your message even from a distance and on the move. This delivers stronger impact, especially in environments where people are moving quickly.

    • A premium experience for your brand

    The combination of larger formats, higher resolution and modern design creates a more exclusive look and feel. Your campaigns gain a distinctly upgraded and contemporary expression.

    With 2,500 analogue panels and 300 digital screens in Stockholm’s A-region, we now offer one of the city’s most powerful platforms for reaching people in their everyday lives. The combination of reach, frequency and high-quality sites provides excellent conditions for both brand-building and sales-driven campaigns.

    Would you like to know more about the opportunities in Stockholm’s A-region, or how to best integrate the new digital screens into your media mix? Contact our sales team to learn more.